When the parent dies, the orphaned child process is adopted by init (process ID 1). An orphan process is a process that is still executing, but whose parent has died. Zombie processes should not be confused with orphan processes. Also, unlike normal processes, the kill command does not affect a zombie process. In the term's metaphor, the child process has died but has not yet been reaped. Processes that stay zombies for a long time are generally an error and cause a resource leak, but they only occupy the process table entry. In most cases, zombies are immediately waited on by their parents and then reaped by the system under normal system operation. A child process always first becomes a zombie before being removed from the resource table. ![]() Once the exit status is read via the wait system call, the zombie's entry is removed from the process table and said to be " reaped". ![]() This occurs for the child processes, where the entry is still needed to allow the parent process to read its child's exit status. A zombie process or defunct process is a process that has completed execution (via the exit system call) but still has an entry in the process table.
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